Revision - Blog Posts

Average psychology revision

Gonna feel very accomplished whenever I look at this page now

just heard someone say "revision is just doubting you knowledge" and i cant stop thinking abt it

is being a therapist reaaaallly worth it cause omg i have exams for the next 3 weeks and i am so ready to 🦢🤿

someone send a hit man to me pretty please i literally don’t know how to effectively revise i just look back at notes jot em down and hope for the best😕

Cytochrome P450 Inducers & Inhibitors

The main ones can be remembered using "CRAP GPs spend all day on SICKFACES.COM".

Cytochrome P450 Inducers

These induce CYP450 activity, and thus reduce the concentration of drugs which are metabolised by this system.

Carbemazepine Rifampicin Alcohol (chronic use) Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbitone Sulphonylureas, St John's Wort, Smoking

Also topiramate.

Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors

These inhibit CYP450 enzyme activity and thus increase the concentration of drugs which are metabolised by this system.

Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol (acute use), Amiodarone, Allopurinol Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamides, SSRIs Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole

Also grapefruit, cranberry juice, diltiazem, verapamil, clarithromycin.

Common Interactions

Medications which commonly interact with CYP450 inhibitors and inducers are:

Warfarin

Phenytoin

Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP)

Theophylline

Corticosteroids

Tricyclic antidepressants

Statins

Lamotrigine

Midazolam

Haemosiderin staining

"Haemosiderin staining" describes orange/red/brown skin hyperpigmentation caused by haemosiderin (an iron-containing pigment found in blood) leaking into the skin.

Causes:

Chronic venous insufficiency (in lower legs)

Skin inflammation

Trauma e.g. wound, fracture, surgery

Pigmented purpuric dermatoses

Haemochromatosis

Haemosiderin staining may be exacerbated by anticoagulant use as this increases extravasation (leakage) of red blood cells into the skin.

See an example here.

Causes of drug-induced lupus

SHIP

Sulfasalazine & Sulfonamide Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide & Phenytoin

This is by no means a definitive list (they are many!) but these are some of the most common causes.

Common ototoxic medications

"FAV Q&A"

Furosemide (and other loop diuretics) Aminoglycosides Vancomycin Quinine Aspirin

Hypokalaemia ECG changes

U have no pot and you have no T but you have a long PR and a long QT

Low potassium causes:

U waves (small deflection immediately after T wave)

Flattened/inverted T waves

Prolonged PR interval

Apparent prolonged QT interval (due to fusion of T and U waves)

Also:

Increased P wave amplitude

Widespread ST depression

Oedema - pitting vs non-pitting

Oedema is swelling due to excess fluids in tissues.

In pitting oedema, pressing on the affected area leaves an indentation (that persists after removing the pressure). In non-pitting oedema, the area feels firm to touch and does not form indentations.

Pitting oedema:

The excess fluid is mainly composed of water

Commonly caused by heart failure, venous insufficiency, or nephrotic syndrome

Non-pitting oedema:

The excess fluid consists of water WITH protein and salts

Usually indicates a condition of the thyroid / lymphatic system

Different types:

Lymphoedema is due to a build-up of lymphatic fluid (e.g. due to a tumour blocking lymphatic flow / after removal of lymph nodes).

Myxoedema occurs in hypothyroidism and often affected the pretibial or periorbital area.

Angioedema is localised swelling of the skin and is usually due to allergic reactions. It typically affects the face, tongue, larynx, abdomen, arms, and legs. When the larynx is affected, it may affect breathing, which is an emergency!

Lipoedema is when fat accumulates in subcutaneous tissues - it usually affects the legs/buttocks and almost exclusively occurs in postpubertal females (not the same as cellulite!)

If patients present with oedema, it's always important to test if it's pitting or non-pitting as this helps to determine the cause and correct treatment!

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis

In the UK and US, the main causes are gallstones and alcohol.

Use the mnemonic 'I GET SMASHED':

Idiopathic

Gallstones

Ethanol

Trauma

Steroids

Mumps / Malignancy

Autoimmune

Scorpion stings

Hypercalcaemia / Hypertriglyceridaemia / Hypothermia

ERCP

Drugs (including azathioprine, mesalazine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, steroids, sodium valproate)

Branches of external carotid artery

Some Anatomists Like F*cking, Others Prefer S & M

Superior thyroid artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Lingual artery

Facial artery

Occipital artery

Posterior auricular artery

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

The superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual and facial arteries are ANTERIOR branches.

The occipital and posterior auricular arteries are POSTERIOR branches.

The superficial temporal and maxillary arteries are TERMINAL branches.

“Some Anatomists Like F*cking, Others Prefer S & M” 

is a mnemonic my professor just mentioned in class for the branches of the external carotid artery askjvb;askjbv;

Cranial nerves mnemonic

On, on, on, they travelled and found Voldemort guarding very ancient horcruxes.

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal.

On - Olfactory nerve (CN I)

On - Optic nerve (CN II)

On - Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

They - Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Travelled - Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

And - Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Found - Facial nerve (CN VII)

Voldermort - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Guarding - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Very - Vagus nerve (CN X)

Ancient - Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Horcruxes - Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

clearance = (urine concentration x urine volume passed over time) / plasma concentration

the only useful thing my prof ever taught me for the renal physiology portion of my physiology course is that clearance is calculated by the equation “pissing under the sun” ( C = UV/P)

Distribution of calcium in the body

Bone calcium (99%)

Ca^2+ and PO4^3+ form hydroxyapatite

Plasma calcium

Diffusible pool

~50% of plasma calcium is free/unbound ionic Ca2+ (physiologically important form)

~10% of plasma calcium is complexed with small molecular weight compounds (citrate, phosphate)

Non-diffusible pool

~40% of plasma calcium is bound to calcium-binding proteins and plasma proteins (albumin)

The body utilises plasma albumin-bound calcium as a circulating reserve

Basic pharmacology of neuromuscular junction

ACh acts on N2 receptors (ligand-gated Na+/K+ receptors)

Block Na+ channels that propagate nerve impulse - local anaesthetics (lidocaine), tetrodotoxin

Inhibit ACh release - tetanus toxin, botulinum toxin

Competitive antagonists - vecuronium

N2 agonists - suxamethonium

Flaccid paralysis

Only cleared by plasma cholinesterase

Reversible anticholinesterases - edrophonium, neostigmine, physostigmine

Block activity of AChE

Diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis and treat glaucoma respectively

Irreversible anticholinesterases - organophosphates (pesticides, nerve gases)

Long-lived flaccid paralysis

Treat with pralidoxime within 10 minutes - cleaves OP-AChE complex

Management of acute MI

Reduce anginal pain

Morphine (+ anti-emetic)

Oxygen

Nitrate

Initiate reperfusion

Anti-platelet (aspirin, clopidogrel)

Thrombolytic (rtPA)

Primary angioplasty (PTCA)

Anticoagulant (heparin)

Protect myocardium

Beta-blocker

ACE inhibitor

Secondary prevention

Aspirin

Lipid-lowering (statin)

Lifestyle

Helpful mnemonic foe MI treatment.

Carpal bones mnemonic

So Long Till Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Hamate

Capitate

Trapezoid

Trapezium

(going anti-clockwise in this diagram)

Can - Citrate

I - Isocitrate

Keep - α-Ketoglutarate

Selling - Succinyl-CoA

Sex - Succinate

For - Fumarate

Money - Malate

Officer - Oxaloacetate

oh we are starting my favorite topic in biochemistry the tca cycle because whenever someone’s like :( it’s so hard to remember the intermediates :( i get to tell them about Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money Officer

how i manifested (+revised) my dream body ౨ৎ

This is my first post on my new account, though I am NOT new to the law and NOT new to loablr either. This post is specifically about how I manifested my dream body instantly with no technique besides knowing :)

PART ONE - the old story

In the old story, I was so fixated on my body and my weight all of the time, I was tracking my calories and weighing myself and my food obsessively and constantly gaining and losing weight. Back then, my beliefs were that 1) Excess food causes weight gain, 2) If I don't track my food and weigh myself, I will become too fat/skinny, and 3) There is something wrong with my body, and I need to diet/exercise to fix it.

Noticing these beliefs were key to changing the way I viewed food and my body, and therefore changing how I knew food to effect me and how I knew my body to be.

When I was overweight, I knew my body was too big, I knew I was eating too much, I knew excess calories made me gain weight. When I was underweight, I knew I had no appetite, I knew I was too bony, I knew that exercise makes you gain muscle which is why I had none, etc. I had to identify the limiting beliefs that made me know my body was a certain way.

PART TWO - writing the new story

Once I identified the beliefs that were holding me back and kept me from my goals ("I know I eat too much, even if I affirm I'm skinny, I'm still going to gain weight."), I could then change them. I wrote down a list of these beliefs, like I did above, and came up with reversals. For example;

"I overeat, so I will gain weight" -> "Calories aren't even real, so I can eat whatever I want and stay the same weight."

"I eat junk food, so I'll never be skinny" -> "I love how fast my metabolism is, I can eat junk all day and still stay so skinny." or "Junk food is just like other foods. Raspberries can't make me fat so neither can hamburgers."

"I don't exercise enough to be toned" -> "It's crazy how I'm naturally so toned and fit without trying."

The key for me was changing key beliefs that kept me dieting and exercising to lose weight, to sever the tie between calories consumed and weight, and hours exercising and muscles. These are limiting beliefs. We literally create our reality. Not ice cream, not soda and chips, none of that can overcome YOU as a divine creator. It sounds silly when you spell it out like that, doesn't it?

PART THREE - how i did it

Okay, now we understand that the secret is to change the rules of our own reality to allow us to know a higher truth (my higher truth? I am a skinny legend). So how do we put this into practice?

All you have to do is know. You set these rules, so you know they are true, reality is bound to them. You must know you are successful, know that reality is in the 4d, and feel truly satisfied in that realm. You can do this using whatever method you need to, but personally, I just knew deep within me that I was my ideal weight, and that nothing could change that, that is simply the reality, that is simply the way things are. I thought about old pictures I took of myself, and remembered how skinny I looked in them, I thought about the last time I saw my friends and how much littler they said I'd gotten, I thought about the last time I stood on the scale and how it read the exact weight I knew myself to be. And I just knew, deep within me, that was simply how things were.

And the last step, for me, was to feel truly joyful at this realization. To feel satisfied it came into fruition. Without seeking confirmation, because I already KNEW.

And what do you know? Pictures of myself in my phone from weeks ago, they were my ideal body. The girl I saw in the mirror when I stood up from my meditation? She had my ideal body. My clothes? XS and S, all of them. I had revised my ideal body all the way back to the day I bought them. And confirmed this by checking pictures I took in the dressing room.

I'm telling you right now it is possible if you know in your heart you've always had your desire. It's always been fulfilled within you. You make the rules because you are a divine creator. Nothing outside of you can change what you know to be true.

That's all for now ౨ৎ

how i revised my boyfriend’s mother’s death

a little backstory

— for the sake of privacy, we’re gonna say my boyfriend’s mother’s name is kay

kay’s “death” was caused by a car accident (wasn’t her fault) and she later passed in the hospital. this all happened in new york, and my boyfriend and i live in georgia. but about a 2 days after we found out, we flew out there.

my bf and his mom were super close so that loss was a lot on him. he started burying himself in the gym, sleep, work etc & eventually he became really depressed. he would not get up out of bed and i could not take that. that was when i decided to revise her death, and this was like a week after she passed.

the moment i learned she was dead, i naturally entered the state of loss. so, i simply and quickly went over what state of mind i was currently in, and what state of mind i needed to be in.

now y’all know i love meditating <3 so ofc i meditated. the one i used is by edward art, i believe i’ve mentioned it before. but here’s the link 😌💘

so yeah after this meditation i had completely satisfied my imagination, i had a great feeling of serenity, and i was in the state of the wish fulfilled. + i let go of any need to control the 3d.

— reminder: don’t look at your 3d as something to change. things change when they change in consciousness/imagination. if you wanna manifest something, don’t point out your current circumstance as something that you need to change. be cool and fulfill it in imagination;)

— also sn: my boyfriend knows about the law but he doesn’t necessarily study or consciously use it. so, i didn’t tell him i was revising his mom’s death.

— and i had to continue to act like his mom was actually dead when i was around him, even tho at this point kay was 100% alive in imagination.

so in the morning, i would wake up and assume the state of fulfillment. throughout the day, when i would go check on my boyfriend, he always expressed his feelings, how i could help, and new ways he was trying to cope. honestly, seeing him so hurt and confused hurt me. and throughout this, one of the few things i always reminded myself was that, i’m not my emotions and i’m my thoughts, and neither of those things matter (in terms of manifesting).

another thing i always reminded myself of was the fact that i’m god, BUT i’m also human. so, the ‘god me’ was relaxed & satisfied. the god in me also didn’t have a hurting boyfriend with a dead mom. but the ‘human me’ did and he needed my comfort.

so that’s what i did, i comforted him because he was grieving the death of his mother. so what? i’m human, and i have human decency so ima comfort my baby.

HOWEVER, i didn’t attach myself to that (accept it). i didn’t look at me comforting him as “his mom’s dead and that’s final”, i just did it because he’s my bf and he’s hurt. but i still maintained fulfillment in imagination.

— i talk about this more in depth here. but basically the post acknowledges that yes, you’re god, but you’re also still human and you have a human life to respond to. so do that, respond to your life (when necessary) while simultaneously fulfilling the inner man.

as long as you continue to return to the state and fulfill SELF, you will manifest whatever it is you’ve fulfilled.

when it manifested

the night before it manifested, my bfs dad asked everyone (the family) over for brunch. just so everyone could be together during rough times and whatnot.

the next morning when we woke up, my bf.. it was like he completely reverted; he just went back to his regular self. i made sure to take a mental note of it.

as we were driving to his dads house he was acting very normal. all that pain, hurt, etc was not there. his whole energy was different. then what really got me was when we had got to a red light. he said “i already know my moms threw down, i wonder what she cooked”……….and i’m like, i know i’m not trippin. just went along with it and agreed with him cause what was i supposed to do lol😭?

so we pull up to the house and get to the door, and one of his brothers opened it. as we’re saying hi and walking further into the house we start smelling food and my bf goes “YUP! I KNEW IT!!”

then he walks into the kitchen and says “hey ma watchu in here cooking? it smells good”……. and his mom was literally standing there smiling before she gave him a hug.

this all happened naturally by the way. it was like… she never died😂😂 the power of revision yall!

anyways the whole afternoon went by like nothing ever happened.

i honestly thought it was pretty funny. knowing how they used to interact with each other while they were grieving kay’s death vs now was hilarious. and what makes it funnier is they never knew and never will 😂😂😂

so there y’all have it, how i revised my boyfriend’s mother’s death. sorry i made y’all wait so long:) i literally got so demotivated while trying to type this.

feel free to ask questions cause ik yall got some😩😂 love y’all 🫶🏾

────❁───────❁────────❁──────❁────────❁────

Hey 🌸˚˖⋆, so lately I've been thinking of ways to romanticize my college experience and decluttering and re-organizing my digital space with Notion has been helping with this.

What is your favorite kind of aesthetic for Notion.

Revizyonu zaten anlatmıştım,peki aileyi/soyu revize etmek?

Ailenizi de revize edebilirsiniz,sınırsızsınız

Ailenizi komple olarak değiştirebilirsiniz. Yani kendi soyunuzu da revize edebilirsiniz. Sınır yok,istediğiniz soydan olabilirsiniz.

Eğer soyu değiştirecekseniz;isterseniz hayal eder,isterseniz olumlama yapar ya da bir yere istediğiniz aileyi yazar/not edersiniz. İstediğiniz soy,anneninizin babanızın kişisel özellikleri,onların dış görünüşlerini tanımlayabilir veya visual görseller kullanabilirsiniz. İsterseniz kardeşler için de aynısını yapabilirsiniz.

Veya sadece ailenizin kişisel özelliklerini değiştirirsiniz,onların mesleklerini,görüşlerini hayal ederek,olumlama yaparak ya da yazarak değiştirebilirsiniz. Kardeşler için de bu geçerli. Kendi aile notumdan bir örnek👇

Annem:

Her dine saygılı,din konusunda baskı yapmayan,açık fikirli,zeki ve çalışkan,cömert,zengin bir iş kadını(el işlerini sattığı bir işletmesi var),hoşgörülü,eğlenceli,sorumluluk sahibi,şefkatli ve her türlü mental ve fiziksel hastalıktan arınmış bir kadındır. Yurtdışına olan ilgisi nedeniyle 5 yıldır amerikanın Newyork kentinde huzurlu bir mahalleye taşındık. 5 yıldır burada yaşıyoruz

BABAM

Her dine saygılı,din konusunda baskı yapmayan,açık fikirli,zeki ve çalışkan,cömert,şefkatli,zengin bir iş adamı(kendi oteline sahip ve bu otel amerikanın en ünlü otellerinden biri)anneme olan sevgisi nedeniyle hemen işlerini Amerika'ya taşımayı ve newyorkta huzurlu bir mahallede yaşamayı kabul edeli 5 yıl oluyor. hoşgörülü,eğlenceli,sorumluluk sahibi,şefkatli ve her türlü mental ve fiziksel hastalıktan arınmış bir adamdır

Zengin,huzurlu ve mutlu bir aileyiz. Kardeşlerim Havin,Yusuf ve ben yani hayrunisa çok mutluyuz. Ben,Havin ve Yusuf her türlü mental ve fiziksel hastalıktan arınmış durumdayız. Ailemizle mutluyuz.

EKLEMEK İSTEDİKLERİNİZ VARSA EKLEYİN LÜTFEN<3GÖRÜŞÜRÜZ👋

𝙳𝙾𝙽'𝚃 𝚄𝙽𝙳𝙴𝚁𝙴𝚂𝚃𝙸𝙼𝙰𝚃𝙴 𝚁𝙴𝚅𝙸𝚂𝙸𝙾𝙽 💭💭

What I like about loassumption, is that you don't have to dwell on potential outcomes as 'what ifs' or 'what could've been'. You can revise, you can just embody a new state of having fulfilled whatever it is you wanted in the past. If you apply, and quit complaining about the old story, you'll find this liberating.

1. The old story doesn't exist anymore, you're completely removed from it. If it comes back to you in thoughts, correct it with the new story.

2. Don't worry, you're not practicing perfection. It's alright if you fall out of the new state and back into the old story again; you can spiral. Please allow yourself the space to make mistakes, allow yourself to be human. As long as you pick yourself up again.

3. As long as you keep consistently coming back to the new story, and stick with it, you're doing well. Wake up thinking from it, sleep thinking from it. Even the gap between morning and night, you're coming back to the state.

4. Relish in that new state, the same way you've always dwelled in negative states in the past. Marinade in the fact that you have all it is that you want, and you've already manifested it — creation is done!

5. Persist, persist, persist. So long as you don't allow the old story to be dominant anymore!

You're to be fully saturated with the new story. Whatever the hell you want, you have it. And that includes new memories, too. Revision can affect any tense. You can use it to continue a new current story, or change the story of past events.

ᴱˣᵃᵐᵖˡᵉˢ

• Don't like how that TV show ended? Revise it from the very first episode, to the details you didn't want. It ended exactly how you wanted it to end. It had the narrative you wanted it to have and everything about it is perfect now. Wow you're so powerful that you changed past events of a well known fictional series? Congratulations for using your god powerful abilities.

• You're anxious about the grades you'll get once the results come out? Revise your state; 'no I'm excited to get my grades because I know I did so well because I've always done well.' Of course you did well, of course you got distinctions. You always got distinctions. Your worst mark is an 80 % .

• You felt like your hair hasn't been healthy/ growing for years? Revise it. Your hair has always been healthy. You only have memories of people complimenting your hair.

• You're not comfortable in your body shape/appearance? Revise it. You were always meant to look the way that made you comfortable. Right now, you're so comfortable in your body and skin. You feel so content in your desired body, you look exactly the way that you feel about yourself now. Everything is perfect!

𝘠𝘰𝘶 𝘊𝘢𝘯 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘗𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘐𝘵 𝘕𝘰𝘸, 𝘋𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘺

At the end of the day, think from when you woke in the morning. Where did you wake up? How did you wake up looking like? Is there a desired person beside you? Did you wake up in your desired mansion? What is your daily routine of your desired lifestyle? Did you go to your desired job?

You don't have to be that detailed about your daily revisions. As long as everyday you're living the life you wanted. You can revise in any technique. Visualizing how the day went, journaling it — writing it down in your diary, voice recording how your day went etc.

Please utilize it, it's so perfect if you have an issue with constantly embodying states or if you may have shitty days! And you don't just revise by the end of the days, you can revise on the spot!!

For example, let's say you're out & about and you're driving/walking passed advertising boards. And you're living in the end as a fashion model!

Well, those boards you passed by had your face in them. You saw your face there and oh my god you're so famous because it's at least twelve boards you spotted your face in!

It can be really as simple as scrolling through your phone, and revising that every social platform you go to, you see people using your face as their avi.

Revision can be used in so many ways, don't waste it.

Remember, the past doesn’t truly exist. 𓂃

𓏲 The only proof of the past is your memories and the memories that others have. But memories are always changing.

and guess what! ♡

₊ You can manifest anything, including people having different memories of things.

Completely altering situations in the past is very possible and real.

You can be living a completely different life; having always had your desired face or body, living in your desired city, the list is endless.

Shapes of Molecules

his post is more information than trying to explain something - the truth is, you just need to learn shapes of molecules like you do with anything. I’ve got a physical chemistry mock tomorrow that I’m dreading since I’ve done zero revision. The fact that I run a study blog yet don’t revise myself is odd, but what else can I do? Oh, wait … revise. So here it is, my last minute revision for myself and you too - I present, shapes of molecules!

VSEPR stands for valence shell electron pair repulsion theory. If you’ve ever seen a moly-mod or a diagram of a molecule in 3D space, you may wonder how they decided it was that shape. Well, VSEPR answers all.

The theory essentially states that electron pairs are arranged to minimise repulsions between themselves - which makes sense, since electrons carry the same charge and therefore try to repel each other. Of course, there are different types of electron pairs, lone and bonding. The strongest repulsions happen between lone pair - lone pair followed by lone pair - bonding pair and finally, bonding pair - bonding pair have the least repulsion. 

Since the repulsion governs the shape of the molecule, to work out a molecule’s shape you must look at dot and cross diagrams or electron configurations to see how a molecule is bonded. There are many methods to do this, but the bottom line is that you must work out how many bonding pairs of electrons and how many lone pairs are involved.

The easiest shape to learn is linear. This has two bonding pairs and no lone pairs at an angle of 180 degrees, since that is the furthest the two can get away from each other. Examples of linear molecules include carbon dioxide and beryllium chloride.

Next up is trigonal planar. This has three bonding pairs and no lone pairs, each at the angle of 120 degrees. Trigonal means three and planar means on one plane, this should help you in identifying the molecules since after a fourth pair of electrons, the shape becomes 3D. Examples of trigonal planar molecules include boron trifluoride and sulfur trioxide.

What if you were to have two bonding pairs and two lone pairs? Well, then you’d have a bent molecule. Water is a good example of a bent molecule. Since it has two lone pairs that repel the other two bonding pairs more than they repel each other, the bond angle is 104.5. I’d be careful though, as in many textbooks it shows a bent molecule to have one lone pair and a different bond angle.

Another variation of the bent molecule I’ve seen is the one with two bonding pairs and one lone pair. It is deemed as bent with a bond angle of 109 or sometimes less than 120 degrees.

Tetrahedral molecules have four bonding pairs and no lone pairs. The bond angle is 109.5 degrees. Examples of this include the ammonium ion, methane and the phosphate ion. A good thing to note here is how these molecules are drawn. To demonstrate the 3D shape, where the molecule moves onto a plane, it is represented with a dashed line and triangular line along with a regular straight line. 

Trigonal pyramidal, sometimes just called pyramidal, is where there are three bonding pairs and a lone pair. Bond angles are roughly 107 degrees due to the repulsion from the lone pairs. An example of a trigonal pyramidal molecule is ammonia, which has a lone pair on the nitrogen.

Having five bonding pairs gives a trigonal bipyramidal structure. I guess the three bonding pairs on the trigonal plane accounts for that part of the name, where the rest comes from the position of the remaining two. These molecules have no lone pairs and have a bond angle of 90 degrees between the vertical elements and 120 degrees around the plane. Diagrams below are much clearer than my description! Examples of this include phosphorus pentachloride.

Six bonding pairs is an octahedral structure. I know this is confusing because octahedral should mean 8 but it’s one of those things we get over, like the fact sulfur isn’t spelt with a ph anymore. It’s actually to do with connecting the planes to form an octahedral shape.There are no lone pairs and each bond angle is a nice 90 degrees. Common examples include sulfur hexafluoride.

Square planar shapes occur when there are six bonding pairs and two lone pairs. All bond angles are 90 degrees! They take up this shape to minimise repulsions between electrons - examples include xenon tetrafluoride.

The final one to know is T-shape. This has three bonding pairs and two lone pairs. These molecules have bond angles of (less than) 90 degrees, usually a halogen trifluoride like chlorine trifluoride.

There are plenty more variations and things you could know about molecular geometry, but the truth is, there won’t be an extensive section on it. It’s a small part of a big topic!

I’m not going to do a summary today since I’d just be repeating the same information (I tried to keep it concise for you guys) so instead I’ll just leave you with, 

Happy studying!

💌 13/01/2023 💌

Hi everyone! 👋

Long time no see! How are we all?

I’m so sorry for being inactive. Let’s have a little update.

I’m at medical school! First semester has been amazing. I’ve met so many people, I love all the content. I’m so incredibly happy. I’m currently in the middle of exam season (😬) so I’ll post about those exams soon.

Bigger and better study content coming soon (I promise)!

Love from,

HunnyStudy 🫶🏻💌

⏳01.09.2022⏳

Good evening!

A little catch up is needed, I think! :)

I’ve been preparing for university. So far:

Tidy wardrobe 1 ✅

Tidy shelves ✅

Pack bathroom items ✅

Pack kitchen items ✅

Pack study items ✅

Pack bedroom items

Sort bedside drawers

Tidy wardrobe 2

It’s all so close now. I’m so excited. But oh wow, I didn’t realise how much stress and work goes into preparing for uni! A pat on the back to anyone also doing this right now 🙌🏻🙌🏻

How’s your summer going? When do you start school/college/sixth form/university?

All the best! 💛☺️🌼

🎓A-level Results!🎓

I didn’t update yesterday because I was so busy and overwhelmed and ahhh.

But, I got…

A*AA!

I’m so unbelievably happy! I’ve got into medical school!

The breakdown:

Biology - A

Chemistry - A

Physics - A*

I can’t believe I got an A* in physics. I cried so much in that exam and afterwards I genuinely thought I wouldn’t scrape an A.

I’m so so so happy!

How did you do?

And to anyone with GCSE results next week, best of luck! Remember, wherever you end up is where you were meant to be!

🍳19.07.2022🍳

Hello everyone!

It’s been a little while since I did a normal post. Since exams have been over I’ve been really enjoying just having a lovely little break and not having any studying to do!

However, it’s time I start getting ready for university (which is in less than two months 😳). So, I’m going to start giving updates on the little productive tasks I get done to help me learn how to adult a bit more than I do now.

Today, I fried an egg for breakfast. I know it doesn’t seem like an amazing achievement, but I don’t cook at all so it felt like a very big first step into learning how to actually look after myself independently. Plus, it tasted good!

How’s your summer going? The UK has just had a massive heatwave, it was FAR too warm. ☀️☺️