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The human brain
The brain is the control center of our body. It is located inside the skull and floats in a liquid called cerebrospinal fluid. Its shape resembles a large walnut. It communicates with the rest of the body through “wires” called nerves and through hormones. Neural signals can travel at speeds of up to 428 km/h.
The brain is roughly the size of two fists and weighs between 1,250 and 1,600 grams. Heavier individuals tend to have heavier brains. Men’s brains are heavier than women’s, but the weight of the brain has no connection to intelligence. About 60% of the brain consists of fatty acids.
The brain is divided into three parts: the cerebellum, the brainstem, and the cerebral cortex.
• The cerebellum is responsible for balance, movement, and coordination.
• The brainstem controls digestion and ensures that the heart and breathing do not stop.
• The cerebral cortex is the outer layer that consists of neurons, which you can read about below in our website (issue 4 of the magazine)
Black Holes
A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.
Black holes can be primordial, stellar, intermediate, or supermassive.
Primordial black holes are very small and extremely dense. These black holes are believed to have formed in the early universe, right after the Big Bang. They are thought to be part of dark matter.
Stellar black holes are the most common type of black holes in the universe. They form from the collapse of a massive star at the end of its life. Their mass can be up to 20 times that of our Sun, and they usually have a diameter of about 15 kilometers.
Intermediate black holes are rare and are believed to form from the merging of smaller black holes or the collapse of massive star clusters. Their mass ranges between that of stellar and supermassive black holes.
Supermassive black holes are found at the center of most galaxies, including our own. Their mass is millions or even billions of times greater than that of our Sun.
The supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy is called Sagittarius A*, as it lies in the direction of the Sagittarius constellation. According to Astronio, one of the most fascinating characteristics of black holes is the fact that they warp space and time around them. Due to their immense gravity, time near the event horizon flows much slower compared to a distant observer. This means that if someone were near a black hole, time for them would pass extremely slowly compared to someone far away from it.This phenomenon, known as time dilation, has been confirmed by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and is a fundamental feature of the nature of black holes. In his video, Astronio mentions that this is one of the most exciting examples of how gravity can affect time itself!
images by NASA
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